A component-specific analysis of green, blue, and grey virtual-water flows in global supply chains, their economic drivers, and whether water-related trade patterns imply a macro-level resource curse.
This courselet examines how international production and trade redistribute water pressure across countries through global supply chains.
Using an Eora multi-region input-output framework for 189 countries over 2010-2021, it distinguishes green, blue, and grey virtual water; compares net and gross embodied-water outflows; and links these measures to water-withdrawal capacity, manufacturing structure, trade openness, and economic growth.
The central finding is that water impacts are component-specific. Total water withdrawal is associated with blue- and grey-water net outflows and with gross outflows of all three components. Manufacturing is most clearly associated with grey-water outflows. The evidence does not support a generic macro-level water resource curse.